Walt Whitmans Take on Slang in America

Walt Whitman's Take on 'Slang in America' Influenced by the 19th-century journalist and philologist William Swinton, poet Walt Whitman celebrated the emergence of a distinctively American language one that introduced new words (and found new uses for old words) to convey the unique qualities of American life. Here, in an essay first published in 1885 in The North American Review, Whitman offers many examples of slang expressions and luxuriant place names all representative of the wholesome fermentation or eructation of those processes eternally active in language. Slang in America was later collected in November Boughs by   David McKay (1888). Slang in America Viewd freely, the English language is the accretion and growth of every dialect, race, and range of time, and is both the free and compacted composition of all. From this point of view, it stands for Language in the largest sense, and is really the greatest of studies. It involves so much; is indeed a sort of universal absorber, combiner, and conqueror. The scope of its etymologies is the scope not only of man and civilization, but the history of Nature in all departments, and of the organic Universe, brought up to date; for all are comprehended in words, and their backgrounds. This is when words become vitaliz’d, and stand for things, as they unerringly and soon come to do, in the mind that enters on their study with fitting spirit, grasp, and appreciation. Slang, profoundly consider’d, is the lawless germinal element, below all words and sentences, and behind all poetry, and proves a certain perennial rankness and protestantism in speech. As the United States inherit by far their most precious possession the language they talk and write from the Old World, under and out of its feudal institutes, I will allow myself to borrow a simile, even of those forms farthest removed from American Democracy. Considering Language then as some mighty potentate, into the majestic audience-hall of the monarch ever enters a personage like one of Shakspere’s clowns, and takes position there, and plays a part even in the stateliest ceremonies. Such is Slang, or indirection, an attempt of common humanity to escape from bald literalism, and express itself illimitably, which in highest walks produces poets and poems, and doubtless in pre-historic times gave the start to, and perfected, the whole immense tangle of the old mythologies. For, cur ious as it may appear, it is strictly the same impulse-source, the same thing. Slang, too, is the wholesome fermentation or eructation of those processes eternally active in language, by which froth and specks are thrown up, mostly to pass away; though occasionally to settle and permanently chrystallize. To make it plainer, it is certain that many of the oldest and solidest words we use, were originally generated from the daring and license of slang. In the processes of word-formation, myriads die, but here and there the attempt attracts superior meanings, becomes valuable and indispensable, and lives forever. Thus the term right means literally only straight. Wrong primarily meant twisted, distorted. Integrity meant oneness. Spirit meant breath, or flame. A supercilious person was one who rais’d his eyebrows. To insult was to leap against. If you influenc’d a man, you but flow’d into him. The Hebrew word which is translated prophesy meant to bubble up and pour forth as a fountain. The enthusiast bubbles up with the Spirit of God within him, and it pours forth from him like a fountain. The word prophecy is misunderstood. Many suppose that it is limited to mere prediction; that is but the lesser portion of prophecy. The greater work is to reveal God. Every true re ligious enthusiast is a prophet. Language, be it remember’d, is not an abstract construction of the learn’d, or of di ctionary-makers, but is something arising out of the work, needs, ties, joys, affections, tastes, of long generations of humanity, and has its bases broad and low, close to the ground. Its final decisions are made by the masses, people nearest the concrete, having most to do with actual land and sea. It impermeates all, the Past as well as the Present, and is the grandest triumph of the human intellect. Those mighty works of art, says Addington Symonds, which we call languages, in the construction of which whole peoples unconsciously co-operated, the forms of which were determin’d not by individual genius, but by the instincts of successive generations, acting to one end, inherent in the nature of the raceThose poems of pure thought and fancy, cadenced not in words, but in living imagery, fountainheads of inspiration, mirrors of the mind of nascent nations, which we call Mytholog iesthese surely are more marvellous in their infantine spontaneity than any more mature production of the races which evolv’d them. Yet we are utterly ignorant of their embryology; the true science of Origins is yet in its cradle. Daring as it is to say so, in the growth of Language it is certain that the retrospect of slang from the start would be the recalling from their nebulous conditions of all that is poetical in the stores of human utterance. Moreover, the honest delving, as of late years, by the German and British workers in   comparative philology, has pierc’d and dispers’d many of the falsest bubbles of centuries; and will disperse many more. It was long recorded that in Scandinavian mythology the heroes in the Norse Paradise drank out of the skulls of their slain enemies. Later investigation proves the word taken for skulls to mean  horns  of beasts slain in the hunt. And what reader had not been exercis’d over the traces of that feudal custom, by which  seigneurs  warm’d their feet in the bowels of serfs, the abdomen being open’d for the purpose? It now is made to appear that the serf was only required to submit his unharm’d abdomen as a foot cush ion while his lord supp’d, and was required to chafe the legs of the  seigneur  with his hands. It is curiously in embryons and childhood, and among the illiterate, we always find the groundwork and start, of this great science, and its noblest products. What a relief most people have in speaking of a man not by his true and formal name, with a Mister to it, but by some odd or homely appellative. The propensity to approach a meaning not directly and squarely, but by circuitous styles of expression, seems indeed a born quality of the common people everywhere, evidenced by nick-names, and the inveterate determination of the masses to bestow sub-titles, sometimes ridiculous, sometimes very apt. Always among the soldiers during the Secession War, one heard of Little Mac (Gen. McClellan), or of Uncle Billy (Gen. Sherman) The old man was, of course, very common. Among the rank and file, both armies, it was very general to speak of the different States they came from by their slang names. Those from Maine were call’d Foxes; New Hampshire, Granite Boys; Massachusetts, Bay Stater s; Vermont, Green Mountain Boys; Rhode Island, Gun Flints; Connecticut, Wooden Nutmegs; New York, Knickerbockers; New Jersey, Clam Catchers; Pennsylvania, Logher Heads; Delaware, Muskrats; Maryland, Claw Thumpers; Virginia, Beagles; North Carolina, Tar Boilers; South Carolina, Weasels; Georgia, Buzzards; Louisiana, Creoles; Alabama, Lizards; Kentucky, Corn Crackers; Ohio, Buckeyes; Michigan, Wolverines; Indiana, Hoosiers; Illinois, Suckers; Missouri, Pukes; Mississippi, Tad Poles; Florida, Fly up the Creeks; Wisconsin, Badgers; Iowa, Hawkeyes; Oregon, Hard Cases. Indeed I am not sure but slang names have more than once made Presidents. Old Hickory, (Gen. Jackson) is one case in point. Tippecanoe, and Tyler too, another. I find the same rule in the people’s conversations everywhere. I heard this among the men of the city horse-cars, where the conductor is often call’d a snatcher (i.e., because his characteristic duty is to constantly pull or snatch the bell-strap, to stop or go on). Two young fellows are having a friendly talk, amid which, says 1st conductor, What did you do before you was a snatcher? Answer of 2d conductor, Nail’d. (Translation of answer: I work’d as carpenter.) What is a boom? says one editor to another. Esteem’d contemporary, says the other, a boom is a bulge. Barefoot whiskey is the Tennessee name for the undiluted stimulant. In the slang of the New York common restaurant waiters a plate of ham and beans is known as stars and stripes, codfish balls as sleeve-buttons, and hash as mystery. The Western States of the Union are, however, as may be supposed, the special areas of slang, not only in conversation, but in names of localities, towns, rivers, etc. A late Oregon traveller says: On your way to Olympia by rail, you cross a river called the Shookum-Chuck; your train stops at places named Newaukum, Tumwater, and Toutle; and if you seek further you will hear of whole counties labell’d Wahkiakum, or Snohomish, or Kitsar, or Klikatat; and Cowlitz, Hookium, and Nenolelops greet and offend you. They complain in Olympia that Washington Territory gets but little immigration; but what wonder? What man, having the whole American continent to choose from, would willingly date his letters from the county of Snohomish or bring up his children in the city of Nenolelops? The village of Tumwater is, as I am ready to bear witness, very pretty indeed; but surely an emigrant would think twice before he establish’d himself either there or at Toutle. Seattle is sufficiently barbarous; Stelicoom is no better; and I suspect that the Northern Pacific Railroad terminus has been fixed at Tacoma because it is one of the few places on Puget Sound whose name does not inspire horror. Then a Nevada paper chronicles the departure of a mining party from Reno: The toughest set of roosters, that ever shook the dust off any town left Reno yesterday for the new mining district of Cornucopia. They came here from Virginia. Among the crowd were four New York cock-fighters, two Chicago murderers, three Baltimore  bruisers, one Philadelphia prize-fighter, four San Francisco hoodlums, three Virginia beats, two Union Pacific roughs, and two check guerrillas. Among the far-west newspapers, have been, or are,  The Fairplay  (Colorado)  Flume,  The Solid Muldoon, of Ouray,  The Tombstone Epitaph, of Nevada,  The Jimplecute, of Texas, and  The Bazoo, of Missouri. Shirttail Bend, Whiskey Flat, Puppytown, Wild Yankee Ranch, Squaw Flat, Rawhide Ranch, Loafer’s Ravine,  Squitch  Gulch, Toenail Lake, are a few of the names of places in Butte  county, Cal. Perhaps indeed no place or term gives more luxuriant illustrations of the fermentation processes I have  mention’d, and their froth and  specks, than those Mississippi and Pacific  coast  regions, at the present day. Hasty and grotesque as are some of the names, others are of an appropriateness and originality unsurpassable. This applies to the Indian words, which are often perfect. Oklahoma is proposed in Congress for the name of one of our new Territories. Hog-eye, Lick-skillet,  Rake-pocket  and Steal-easy are the names of some Texan towns. Miss Bremer found among the aborigines the following names: Men’s, Hornpoint; Round-Wind; Stand-and-look-out; The-Cloud-that-goes-aside; Iron-toe; Seek-the-sun; Iron-flash; Red-bottle; White-spindle; Black-dog; Two-feathers-of-honor; Gray-grass; Bushy-tail; Thunder-face; Go-on-the-burning-sod; Spirits-of-the-dead. Women’s, Keep-the-fire; Spiritual-woman; Second-daughter-of-the-house; Blue-bird. Certainly philologists  have not given enough attention to this element and its results, which, I repeat, can probably be found working  everywhere  to-day, amid modern conditions, with as much life and activity as in far-back Greece or India, under prehistoric ones. Then the witthe rich flashes of humor and genius and poetrydarting out often from a gang of laborers, railroad-men, miners, drivers or boatmen! How often have I  hover’d  at the edge of a crowd of them, to hear their repartees and impromptus! You get more real fun from half an hour with them than from the books of all the American humorists. The science of language has large and close analogies in geological science, with its ceaseless evolution, its fossils, and its numberless submerged layers and hidden strata, the infinite  go-before  of the present. Or, perhaps Language is more like some vast living body, or perennial body of bodies. And slang not only brings the first feeders of  it,  but is afterward the start of fancy,  imagination  and humor, breathing into its nostrils the breath of life.

Black Decker Analysis Essays

Black Decker Analysis Essays Black Decker Analysis Essays After reviewing the presentation of Team D, I concluded from their problem statement that their plan for Black Decker moving forward is to focus on the Professional-Tradesmen segment since it is their segment with the lowest market share. They focused on this problem because even though the Professional Tradesmen segment is the smallest of the three segments, Professional Industrial, Professional Tradesmen, and Consumer, it is the fastest growing. As a follow up to their problem statement, I found it somewhat confusing as to what their actionable items would be in regards to the vehicle they were choosing to enhance the Black Decker brand image. First, Team H said they would put the DeWalt product name on Black Decker products to instill brand recognition with tradesmen since the DeWalt brand comes from a line of successful stationary woodworking equipment and was absorbed by Black Decker in 1960. However, Team H also proposed that Black Decker should do a better job at highligh ting their brand name on their product line via a new brand called â€Å"DeWalt by Black Decker†. Where I did see the value of such a change, it was confusing as to which the Team was proposing. Team H opened their presentation with a background on the Black Decker brand, mentioning that even though this company was the world’s largest producer of power tools in 1990, it is most known for home appliances, such as blenders, coffee machines, toaster ovens, and of course, the Dustbuster. However, Team H pointed out that even though Black Decker was a market leader for in-home consumer products, it was not leveraging the Professional-Tradesmen market efficiently. Team H broke down the differences between a Professional and Consumer tradesman, saying that the main difference is the how their work is being done. As a Professional Tradesman is one who works on an industrial site using industrial grade equipment, while a Consumer Tradesman is more of a â€Å"weekend warrior† performing small home improvements. As stated in the case, the Professional Tradesman category mailyn consists of tradesmen who depend on their trade as means of employment. They include â€Å"e lectricians, plumbers, carpenters, framers, roofers, and general remodeler workers in residential construction†. The Consumer Tradesman, however, is not as serious as the Professional Tradesman, thus their needs for equipment is less strict. Team H went a step further to show how both types of tradesmen view the Black Decker product line. Professional Tradesmen are not pleased with the brand because they have a negative brand image for Black Decker. Professional Tradesmen see all Black Decker products for at home use only and not suitable for the job site. A Professional Tradesman spent approximately $3,000 on their â€Å"tools of trade†, and spent approximately $1,000 on replacement tools per year. As Team H pointed out, the performance of tools was a big conversation on the job site, thus if a few tradesmen disliked a product, that perceived brand reputation spread, which caused a loss in revenues for Black Decker. On the contrary, Consumer Tradesmen were happy wi th the Black Decker product line because they saw the value in using this equipment for their smaller scale projects. Team H compared the brand image and product line of Black Decker to that of their competitors so they could point out the differences in brand reputation among the target market. The perceived top brand in the space was Makita. Professional Tradesmen saw Makita as having a strong base line of products in all major categories. Team H also explained that the Professional Tradesmen segment also noticed that Makita was easily accessible; meaning that they could be purchased at most, if not all, home improvement centers, such as Home Depot or Lowes. Despite Makita’s strong position with this market segment, some explained that this brand was â€Å"arrogant and

Analyzing Enterprise Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analyzing Enterprise Operations - Essay Example The complementary nature of the inter departments makes the analysis and integration amongst them, an essential study. Enterprise integration is an improvement concept, as are total quality and error-free performance and these concepts have proven to be very difficult to implement successfully because the desired degree of improvement is difficult to achieve (Nell, n.d.). As in case of all improvement strategies whether in small scale or a small scale, the change must be gradual. Expectations have to be satisfied in the long term basis as the human factor is the most significant aspect of the analysis and integration. On the other hand, some businesses have invested to overcome integration barriers, and have achieved their integration, cost, and quality goals and there was enormous improvement (Nell, n.d.). The result was an optimal process where the products were produced with the desired result of timely manufacturing, and cost reduction so immensely that eliminated the need to jus tify the old system. The organization – Automobile industry, in present times, is one of the most competitive industry which has escalated owing to the purchasing power of the urban mass. Today’s customer, when purchasing a car, is not only attracted by the money factor but is also swayed by performance, design , brand name and other factors, making the industry , immensely competitive. BMW is German automaker primarily involved in manufacturing cars for the luxury class. It manufacturers BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. Sales and Marketing, Finance, Operations, Quality, Human Resource, Research and Development are some of the main departments that comprise the organization setup. An Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system has been installed for a smooth and effective flow of cross functional information. Sales and Marketing is one of the major contributors to the financial growth and profitability for the company. Under the Sales and Marketing department there are sub departments which are responsible to for specific jobs. For any sales person, the best way to learn about the business in to witness the direct sale of a car in the showroom. The showroom is furnished with the model cars and is connected to the central portal for the ERP. The location of the showroom is discussed in the department as the customers are limited to the upper strata of the society. The department is responsible to liaise with the operations and the management for the allotment and early delivery of the vehicle. The process – For high end car manufacturers like BMW, front end customer interaction is important. The rationale behind choosing the below process is to assess the journey of the line of interaction to the line of visibility that a customer embarks after he enters a BMW showroom. This is place where the initial relationship is established. One of the core process in the Sales and marketing department is the proper information flow of the booking o rders that are being assigned in the showroom. These orders comprise customized options by the customer (a new feature launched by the company where the customer can choose the interiors, accessories etc.) This is an important introductory concept as it gives the premium customers a flexibility to personalize the car. The specifications are entered in the system that is connected to t

Rhetorical Appeals Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rhetorical Appeals - Case Study Example The letter written by Martin Luther King, from a Birmingham Jail, uses all these types of appeals, listed above, in order to convince the reader regarding the validity and credibility of his ideas and actions. The same are discussed and highlighted below: Ethos: Ethos is primarily used to indicate and highlight the good character and credibility of the writer. In this letter, Martin Luther King, has very aptly and effectively highlighted his body of work, thus indicating his authority on the subject and successfully justifying his stance on the issue on hand. "I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating in every southern state, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. We have some eighty five affiliated organizations across the South, and one of them is the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights. Frequently we share staff, educational and financial resources with our affiliates" Pathos: This form of speech is used as an artistic proof of the facts mentioned by the writer, and banks on the readers’ emotions and feelings as a method of persuasion. The following is the example of pathos, as applied by Martin Luther King in his letter: â€Å"Just as the prophets of the eighth century B.C. left their villages and carried their "thus saith the Lord" far beyond the boundaries of their home towns, and just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carried the gospel of Jesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco Roman world, so am I compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own home town. Like Paul, I must constantly respond to the Macedonian call for aid.† The skillful use of the three key elements, viz-a-viz, ethos, pathos and logos, by the writer, helped in highlighting the ideas and offer valid justification for the course of action chosen, and

Phases of the moon Essay Example for Free

Phases of the moon Essay During night time, the moon is the clearest celestial object that could be seen any place on earth. The moon is considered as the closest celestial thing on earth and is the only natural satellite to the earth (Freudenrich, 2008). As people noticed, the moon presents changing shapes in the night sky. There are instances when one could see a full disk shape, other times it peaks a faction of its face and sometimes it vanishes for a few days. These changes in the bright side of the moon are identified as the moon’s phases. Such occurrence in the moon is not random at all rather the changes happen in a monthly basis and occurs in a predictable manner (Freudenrich, 2008). The moons phases are not the result of the earth’s shadow as many believe. The shadow of the earth may cause eclipses but the occurrence of the moons phases is a different case. Phases of the moon are dependent on its position in the alignment together with the earth and sun thus the illuminated part in the moon’s face is caused by the reflection of the light from the sun (Barrow, 2008, 1). During the 29 day travel of the moon around its orbit, its position undergoes daily changes. There are times when the moon is positioned between the earth and the sun, other times it is behind the earth this is why people see the bright parts of the moon’s surface in different angles (Freudenrich, 2008). The eight phases of the moon undergoes a cycle which is proceeded by the new moon. New moon also known as the dark moon could be seen whenever the sun and the moon are similarly positioned on the same side of the earth. The new moon is essentially not visible because it is situated in between the sun and the earth therefore the part which is illuminated faces directly to the sun while the other part which is lost in the sun’s glare is facing the earth (Barrow, 2008, 1). The second phase of the moon is identified as the waxing crescent. This appears during the second or third day. During this phase only a little part of the moon is showing up. It is characterized with a thin lunar sliver which is apparent minutes after the sunset. Such phase is termed as waxing because every night a part of the moon becomes more visible in a longer time (The phases of our moon: What can you see tonight, 2008). By the time the waxing crescent moon grows in a half full, it has then reached the third phase which is known as the first quarter. During this phase, half of the moon is already visible. However, its visibility last during the first half of the evening and eventually goes down. It is also important to note that the first quarter moon reflect the sun’s light on the right hand side (The phases of our moon: What can you see tonight, 2008). Waxing Gibbous moon is a phase when most part of the moon is already visible. At this point, the moon is clearly visible to any of its observers and only a little sliver is not illuminated. The gibbous moon could be seen clearly even before the sunset and stays in the night sky until three in the morning (Barrow, 2008, 1). The entire face of the moon is apparent during the fifth phase which is the full moon. This phase takes place whenever the earth is positioned between the moon and the earth. Full moon is the only phase where the moon is shining all throughout the night. A full moon will rise during the beginning of the night and will eventually set as morning steps in (Barrow, 2008, 1). Just like the waxing gibbous, the waning gibbous which is the sixth phase of the moon, shows all but a little part of the moon. However, in contrast with the waxing gibbous where observers are seeing much of the celestial body’s illuminated part, the waning gibbous is an indication of seeing less of the moon in the upcoming nights. This is why it was coined as â€Å"waning† gibbous (The phases of our moon: What can you see tonight, 2008). Second to the last of the moon’s phase is the last quarter. Much like the first quarter, people see a half full of the moon’s illuminated face however; the reflected light is set on the left hand corner of the moon contrary to the first quarter phase which is reflected in the right hand side (Barrow, 2008, 1). Finally the waning crescent marks the final cycle of the moon’s phase. During this period people would observer that only little of the moons face is visible. By the following nights only a smaller part of the moon can be seen in a lesser period. From there a new cycle will then proceed (The phases of our moon: What can you see tonight, 2008). Evidently the moon’s phases are dependent upon the moon’s lining position in accordance to the sun and earth. It is also noteworthy that the sequence of the phases starts with the moon’s light illumination from right to left until it extends to the full moon phase. Right after the said phase the illuminated area of the moon would retreat from right to left until it reaches the new moon phase which would mark another cycle. The phases of the moon are not complicated as it may appear. By learning how, when and why it occurs enables an individual to know that such event is not random but a predictable event.

The Last Samurai Essay -- Film Movie Movies

â€Å"The Last Samurai† is a film centered around the idea of journeying physically, spiritually, emotionally and mentally. We witness these journeys not only through observations of a character going through a personal transformation but a whole culture around him who is likewise in turmoil. This film allows us to join in on an adventure and journey of the character, the world he enters and the people he meets. The story is based on a time just after the Civil War, a time when the modern western world which had just encroached upon the American West, condemning the Native American, began to engulf traditional Japan as well. The purpose of this film is to give a voice to these people, to share in their struggles and experiences and be enlightened, as the protagonist is, at their way of living and their out look on life and its purpose. The audience is simply people with a connection to the struggles of a culture undergoing rapid changes by modern development. Any person passionate about culture and tradition and simply, any person who can open their mind to a world unknown to them and to learn from it. As well as this we must recognize that it is a Hollywood production and its purpose first and foremost would be entertainment, and being able to satisfy the wants of the majority. The film’s two main characters help convey meanings throughout the entire film about the journeys that are undergone. Katsumoto, the last remaining leader of the Samurai and in particular Captain N... The Last Samurai Essay -- Film Movie Movies â€Å"The Last Samurai† is a film centered around the idea of journeying physically, spiritually, emotionally and mentally. We witness these journeys not only through observations of a character going through a personal transformation but a whole culture around him who is likewise in turmoil. This film allows us to join in on an adventure and journey of the character, the world he enters and the people he meets. The story is based on a time just after the Civil War, a time when the modern western world which had just encroached upon the American West, condemning the Native American, began to engulf traditional Japan as well. The purpose of this film is to give a voice to these people, to share in their struggles and experiences and be enlightened, as the protagonist is, at their way of living and their out look on life and its purpose. The audience is simply people with a connection to the struggles of a culture undergoing rapid changes by modern development. Any person passionate about culture and tradition and simply, any person who can open their mind to a world unknown to them and to learn from it. As well as this we must recognize that it is a Hollywood production and its purpose first and foremost would be entertainment, and being able to satisfy the wants of the majority. The film’s two main characters help convey meanings throughout the entire film about the journeys that are undergone. Katsumoto, the last remaining leader of the Samurai and in particular Captain N...

Perception Reaction Paper Essay

The first thing my eyes go to is Tye’s sister Shane. She is playing with her hair, with a very skimpy bikini. She us a very pretty young teenager having fun listening to her friend’s IPod tanning up the sun rays. I see Shane’s friend in the background, not very noticeable other than she is the one picking out a song or she might be texting. I look a little more to the right and I see what appears to be a teenage boy probably 16 while his sister is maybe 14. Tye looks a little agitated at his sister maybe some jealousy. He is relaxed kicking back with something on his mind. With the rest of the people in the background there is a few other women tanning as well enjoying the beautiful weather. Also a couple boys that must have been out of the swimming pool for a bit are probably getting hot and ready to make their â€Å"shooting† heard. Everyone seems to be having a fun time but Tye’s face makes me wonder. Part 2 The way the parents tried to handle the situation is pretty much what I would do to my children. Not only is Tye confused about his life, but the family also with all the confusion dealing with a gender issue child. I believe an early teen has pretty much decided if they were â€Å"trapped† in another’s body. Tye is going to have a rough time through high school but when attending college he will be more social acceptable. I understand from personal experience of how confusing gender can be. I was a hard core tomboy but once my parents divorced I changed into a more girly tomboy, now just a tomboy on the inside. Part 3 Wow where do I start with on this article. I have always been that tomboy type but I never could imagine changing my outlooks such as my breasts and so on. Tye seems to know what he wants since a young child. I would have done the same thing by trying to make either my daughter or son the gender they were born with. I guess over time a parent would have to accept what the child decides to be no matter what the outcome is. Maybe, I would be as supportive after the fact is accepted. This article opened my eyes from the teenager’s eyes and understand how hard life can be to be socially accepted. Very good topic to write about.

Russian History Questions

Name _________________________________ Date __________ Period ___________ Researching Russia Directions: Using the reference materials (including but not limited to the Internet, almanacs, atlases, encyclopedias, and books), research the answers to the following questions. The Internet is a useful source but you should make use of other resources should it not be available! 1. On November 1, 1993, the parliament of the Russian Republic of the USSR granted Russian President ______________________ broad power to begin radical economic reforms. 2. In 1991, the population of Russia was estimated at ________________________. 3. In the ninth century, Scandinavian chieftains established the first Russian state, centering it on ___________________ and Kiev. 4. When did Lenin die? _____________ How did he die? _____________________ 5. The ‘900-day siege’ of Leningrad lasted from June 1941 until January ___________. 6. When did Stalin die? ________ How old was he? _______ 7. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, massive Soviet military aid to __________________ helped assure communist victories throughout Southeast Asia. 8. Russia comprises over ________% of the total area of the former USSR and has ____________________ square miles, making it the largest country in the world. 9. What is the current life expectancy for Russian males? 10. The Russian monetary unit is the _________________. 11. The breed of cat known as the Russian blue is distinguished for its vivid ___________ colored eyes and the _____________ quality of its blue-gray coat. 12. Who is the author of War and Peace? 13. Who is the author of The Brothers Karamazov? 14. Which Russian author was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature for Doctor Zhivago but declined the prize? 5. Leningrad’s St. Isaac’s Cathedral on Decembrists’ Square was designed by French architect ______________________ and built between 1819 and 1858. 16. The _______________, or Russian wolfhound, was first imported into the United States in 1889. 17. In 1854, British poet Alfred Lord Tennyson made Balaklava famous in his poem _______________________ ________. 18. On January 22, 1904, George Melitonovich Balanchivadze was born in St. Petersburg, Russia. He gained a reputation for the foremost representative of neoclassicism ballet. His professional name was __________________________. 9. Russian physiologist Ivan Petrovich Pavlov is best known for what experiment? ____________________________________________________________ _________ 20. In 1910, Russian ballerina Anna Pavlova made her American debut with Russian dancer ______________________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City. 21. Which Russian chemist compiled the ‘periodic table of elements? ’ ______________________________________ 22. On what date was the Russian Sputnik I put into orbit? ______________________ 23. On what date was the Russian Sputnik II put into orbit? ______________________ 24. September 17, 1957, was the 100th anniversary of the birth of Russian rocket pioneer Konstantin E. _________________________. 25. On January 2, 1959, unmanned interplanetary flight was proved feasible when the Soviet Union’s Mechta entered into orbit around the sun. 26. The Volga River is ________ miles, or ________ kilometers long. 27. What was the name of the imperial family that ruled Russia from 1613 until 1917? _______________________________ 28. The age of romanticism in Russian literature is from the late _________ until the early 1840s. 29. Who wrote The Twelve (1918)? __________________ 0. During World War II, the Soviet Union and Finland fought each other in two wars. The ‘Winter War’ was from 1939 to __________________. The ‘Continuation War’ was from 1941 until ______________. Who lost both wars? 31. When did the Russo-Japanese War begin? ____________ 32. When did the Russo-Japanese War end? ___________ 33. Catherine the Great (1729-96) ru led Russia for _________ years. 34. In what year did construction of St. Basil’s Cathedral begin? 35. The breed of dog known as the borzoi originated in Russia in the 1600s. Its average weight is __________ to ___________ pounds. 36. When World War I broke out, Russian-born composer Igor Stravinsky settled in what country? _______________________ 37. In which direction would you travel if you drove from Tula to Moscow? __________ 38. The island Great Lyakhov is in the _____________ Sea. 39. Who wrote Boris? _____________________________ 40. The ‘900-day siege’ of Leningrad during World War II caused ____________ deaths. 41. Russia is ____________ times the size of the United States but has a population of less than _______% percent of the people in the United States as of 2000. 42. What is the per capita Russian income? _____________________ 43. What is the life expectancy for Russian females? _____________ 44. In 1967, the Soviet government produced a film adaptation of Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace in commemoration of 50th anniversary of the Revolution. The Russian language version of the film ____ hours and _____. 45. ____________________ delivers gifts to Russian children on New Year’ s Eve. 46. In which direction would you travel if you drove from Moscow to St. Petersburg? __________________________ 47. The ________________ Mountains form a dividing line between Asia and Europe. 48. The _____________________ Strait separates Russia and Alaska. 49. Tsar Nicholas II was married to the granddaughter of Queen _____________ of England. 50. Name the son of Tsar Nicholas who suffered from hemophilia. _______________ 51. Twenty-three of the _________________ volcanoes on Kamchatka Peninsula are active. 52. The Caucasus Mountains are composed of limestone and ______________ rocks with some volcanic formations. 53. The Caspian Sea has a surface area of about ________________ square miles. 54. In December, Moscow averages _______________ days with overcast skies. 5. St. Isaac’s Cathedral is located on ______________ Prospect, a famous thoroughfare in Leningrad. 56. In the late 1980s, the population density of the USSR was _______ persons per square mile. 57. In the mid-1980s, the population density of the USSR was _______ persons per square mile. 58. The State _______________ Museum in Leningrad is considered to be one of the world’s great museums. 59. Valent ina V. ___________ was the first woman to orbit the earth. 60. The ___________________ Railroad runs north of the Trans-Siberian Railroad. USS

primary colors essays

primary colors essays "Primary Colors" is a fictional account of a presidential primary campaign. The book is writen by Anonymous, who we now know is Newsweek colunmnist Joe Klein. Klein includes a disclainer saying he invented the characters and situations, but I feel that the book is about the Clintons. All the events are there. The champaign takes place in 1992. Stanton is the governor of a small Southern state. He has an authoritative wife, Suzan. He also has problems with promisuity, draft dodging, and war protest. The central charactor of the book is not Jack Stanton but the narrator Henry Burton. Former congressional aide and grandson of the famous civil rights leader, Harvey Burton. Henry tells the story of Governor Jack Stanton's presidential campaign. Young, black and no novice to insider politics, he signs on as deputy campaign manager but rapidly becomes the Governor's right hand man and psychological confident. Henry struggles with his role in the campaign, his responsibility to the candidate, and most disturbingly with how much he actually knows and believes in the real Jack Stantonthe man he would help become the leader of the United States of America. He also developes an odd comradeship in the manic, obsessive Richard Jemmons. The governor of a small southern state, Jack Stanton is the consummate politician. His love for the American people is palpable, but starkly contrasted with his relentless pursuit of power and his on-going sexual indiscretions. He is a master of the political system. Stanton has gone to great measures to surround himself with unwavering supporters, from his wife Susan Stanton to people he connects with along the campaign. Stanton is man who wants to be president and will let nothing, least of all his own Susan Stanton is a skilled lawyer and experienced campaigner. She shares the Governor's same ruthless desire but is as carefu ...

Karyo- or Caryo- Biology Prefixes and Suffixes

Karyo- or Caryo- Biology Prefixes and Suffixes The prefix (karyo- or caryo-) means nut or kernel and also refers to the nucleus of a cell. Examples Caryopsis (cary-opsis): fruit of grasses and grains that consists of a single-celled, seed-like fruit. Karyocyte (karyo-cyte): a cell that contains a nucleus. Karyochrome (karyo-chrome): a type of nerve cell in which the nucleus stains easily with dyes. Karyogamy (karyo-gamy): uniting of cell nuclei, as in fertilization. Karyokinesis (karyo-kinesis): division of the nucleus that occurs during the cell cycle phases of mitosis and meiosis. Karyology (karyo-logy): the study of the structure and function of the cell nucleus. Karyolymph (karyo-lymph): the aqueous component of the nucleus in which the chromatin and other nuclear components are suspended. Karyolysis (karyo-lysis): the dissolution of the nucleus that occurs during cell death. Karyomegaly (karyo-mega-ly): abnormal enlargement of the cell nucleus. Karyomere (karyo-mere): a vesicle containing a small portion of the nucleus, typically following abnormal cell division. Karyomitome (karyo-mitome): chromatin network within the cell nucleus. Karyon (karyon): the cell nucleus. Karyophage (karyo-phage): a parasite that engulfs and destroys the nucleus of a cell. Karyoplasm (karyo-plasm): the protoplasm of the nucleus of a cell; also known as nucleoplasm. Karyopyknosis (karyo-pyk-nosis): shrinkage of the cell nucleus that is accompanied by the condensation of chromatin during apoptosis. Karyorrhexis (karyo-rrhexis): stage of cell death in which the nucleus ruptures and disperses its chromatin throughout the cytoplasm. Karyosome (karyo-some): dense mass of chromatin in the nucleus of a non-dividing cell. Karyostasis (karyo-stasis): stage of the cell cycle, also known as interphase, where the cell undergoes a period of growth in preparation for cell division. This stage occurs between two successive divisions of the cell nucleus. Karyotheca (karyo-theca): double membrane that encloses the contents of the nucleus, also known as the nuclear envelope. Its outer portion is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum. Karyotype (karyo-type): an organized visual representation of the chromosomes in the cell nucleus arranged according to characteristics such as number, size, and shape.

Kodak and Fujifilm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Kodak and Fujifilm - Essay Example Since 1976, Kodak captured large market of camera and film in US (85% and 90% respectively). Photofinishing processes of Kodak soon became industry standard in terms of quality. It always had competitive advantage over its competitors due to the operation and scope of its business. This assisted Kodak for having sustainable growth for around 90 years. However, from 1980s and 1990s, Kodak began to encounter problems in terms of revenues, marker share, technological explosion, and competitors (Schreiner, 2012). As Kodak strives for survival, its biggest competitor Fujifilm enjoys the renaissance of innovation. For Canon and Nikon, innovations with sensors, Fujifilm emerges as a genuine threat to Kodak. In 2010, Fujifilm maintained its place in Fortune Global 500. Even though, the company is now striving to keep up with its current position by diversifying into new similar businesses. Fujifilm was established in Japan in 1934. It has made its place as a leader in videotape, motion pictu re photography, floppy disk, and audio tape industries. It is also involved in manufacturing camcorders, still cameras, chemicals and paper, photofinishing equipment, information and imaging products for medical and office use markets. The company introduced dry plates, motion picture film, and photographic paper. While Kodak goes bankrupt on 13 January 2012, its long time competitor Fujifilm is flourishing fairly well. ... It was so hierarchical that low-level employees needed to wait for top-management in every situation. To get over this inflexible hierarchy, he made himself accessible, and visible and encouraged employees to take more responsibility. Leadership of Kodak has also been inconsistent. The strategy of the company changes with every new chief executive. The biggest management flaw at Kodak was their monopolistic attitude. On the other hand, Fujifilm was efficient in anticipating change and taking quick decisions. Fujifilm took advantage from the weaknesses of Kodak and snatched the market share in a short span of time (Kotter, 2012). Impact of Management Differences The execution strategy of Fujifilm is what gave it an edge over Kodak. In 1980s, when Fujifilm observed the omens of digital doom it established a three-step strategy. i. To earn as much revenues from the film business as possible ii. To prepare for converting to digital iii. To establish new business lines (The Economist, 201 2) Fujifilm looked for new venues for its specialization in film for instance, developing optical films for flat panel screens such as LCD. Since 2000, it invested approximately $4 billion in the business. It paid off very soon. In a short span of time, Fujifilm began to enjoy a market share of 100% in this area. CEO of Kodak, Fisher decided that its specialization lay in imaging. Therefore, he turned out digital cameras and offered it customer with a feature of posting and sharing pictures online. This production could have made Kodak more creative and nimble but he failed to outsource. Yet, Kodak managed to build a monumental business from digital camera but it persisted for only few years before the phones having camera wrecked it

European business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

European business - Essay Example The term is used for defining the concept of a single federation of states. Fiscal federalism means a more centralized economic order within the new European Economic Community. The European Community progress towards an economic and monetary union based on a common currency will create new demands for the design of fiscal policy. With a common currency and thus, a common monetary policy, member states will no longer be able to influence their local economies through exchange rate or monetary policies when state specific economic shocks occur. (Inman & Rubinfeld 1992, p.1-2) The economic situation in one province does not imply a sectarian policy to take any action or decision regarding exchange rate, interest rates and tax basis. The classical concept of federalism refers not only to an indestructible union of indestructible states but is also the method of dividing powers so that the general and regional governments are each, within a sphere, coordinate and independent. A major rea son for the existence of relatively centralized fiscal systems in developing and transitional countries is the adoption of planned development strategy. (Ahmad & Brosio 2008, p.225) A respected journalist argues that the expanding European Union is becoming a second, and potentially superior, superpower to the United States, and outlines what the new Union will mean to world trade, politics, and power (Reid, 2005). Fiscal federalism involves the handling of fiscal and monetary policy tools by a centralized body. It prevents regional financial inequalities by providing a balanced level of support to all the sectors. It is also criticized in terms of sharing prosperity and crisis. If one of the sectors is making huge revenues and they are effortlessly shared by others because of being members of a union is unjustified. Therefore detailed policy orientations are to be prepared for managing such systems is highly essential. Members of the European Community signed a treaty in 1992 and i t is called Treaty of Maastricht. It is more commonly known as treaty of Europe. This same treaty was the origin of a common currency in Europe called euro. Once the treaty was signed many amendments were made as the need for more detailed orientations rises. The 1992, French Referendum on the Maastricht Treaty, The Treaty on European Union was signed at the Dutch town of Maastricht by the foreign ministers of the twelve European Community members on February 7, 1992 (LeDuch 2003, p.83). The Maastricht Treaty established three so-called pillars of EU: the first being the pillar of Community; the second pillar relating to foreign and security policy; and the third pillar on justice and home affairs (Obokata 2006, p.87). Exploring the politics of European integration, Michael Baun argues that the end of the Cold War and German unification have created a new set of geopolitical realities in Europe (Baun 1996, p.2). European Union is an example of free trade unions like Mercosur, NAFTA, SAFTA and others. It is different to the extent that it has reduced national boundaries to a large extent as compared to other free trade zones. Member countries have wide range of agreements in terms of business, transportation, import and export, tourism, agriculture and so on. The strongest part is the common currency i.e. euro being operational in all member countries. The Treaty of Lisbon or